As more Windows 95 screen readers emerge and improve, blind
computer users are making a transition to this environment.
Since its graphical interface is designed to be intuitive to
sighted users, we often need to know more than others about how
the system works.  The following is a shareware Windows 95
tutorial I found worth registering and passing along.

----------

 The Essential Windows 95:
All You Need to Know to Be Productive in Windows 95
Written for the Windows 3.1/WFW User
Jerrold M. Grochow


This version downloaded from America Online.  User agrees to make
only one print copy (just like a book) and to pay $5.00 to author
if found to be useful.  Please send payment to:
     Jerrold M. Grochow
     P.O. Box 15206
     Southeast Station
     Washington, DC 20003

[Pay $10.00, and I will send you a diskette with a Word 6.0 file
of the same information but with nice formatting and graphics.

COPYRIGHT   1996 Jerrold M. Grochow

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.  No part of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of
the author.



Windows 95, Windows, Microsoft are trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation.
OS/2 is a trademark of IBM Corporation.
Apple and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer Corporation.

  CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
ASSUMPTIONS 3
THINGS TO UNDERSTAND 5
THINGS TO TRY 9
BASICS 13
COMMUNICATIONS AND REMOTE OPERATION 21
THE MICROSOFT NETWORK 25
INTERMEDIATE 29
LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 35
ADVANCED 37
KEYBOARD COMMANDS 41
INDEX 45

 INTRODUCTION
 This book is an outgrowth of my own learning experiences as a
beta tester of Windows 95.  It was written to document what I
learned, both on my own and from myriad sources, as I came to
rely on Windows 95 as my day-to-day operating environment.
In the summer of 1995, I was on leave from my position as Chief
Technology Officer at American Management Systems to write a book
on new information systems technology.  That book is being
published in the Spring of 1996 by Yourdon Press/Prentice Hall
(Components and Connections:  Creating Value with the New
Information Systems Technology).  I had been using Windows 95 for
several months but it wasnAt until I had to sit in front of my
portable for six to eight hours a day and perform a variety of
research, communication, and writing activities that I came to
know the richness of the Windows 95 user interface.  While I
spent a lot of time perusing on-line forums and even reading most
of one of 850-page books written on Windows 95, I suspect that
most people wonAt want to.  So I put down on paper in as succinct
a way as the functions that I use regularly or found most useful
when I needed them.  I hope you will benefit from my experiences.
During the beta test period, I was actively supported by my
colleagues in the AMS Center for Advanced Technologies.  Led by
Jim Simmons, Assistant Director of the Client/Server Laboratory,
associates Ash Singh, Chris McDonald, and to a lesser extent
myself, formed the test team.  Together, we reported several
dozen bugs to Microsoft and worked out the procedures for
introducing Windows 95 to AMS and our clients.  Without the
support of these dedicated professionals, this book would not
have been possible.
 ASSUMPTIONS
 + You are already a Windows 3.1 or Windows for Workgroups user
and are familiar with basic Windows terminology, keyboard, mouse
commands, etc.  [If you are not, I recommend that you visit your
local book store which has dozens of books that will explain the
basics of becoming literate in ographic user interfaceo
terminology and technology.]
+ You need to use Windows 95 in your work but you need some help
getting started.
+ You are trying to learn Windows 95 with a minimum training time
and effort and are getting increasingly frustrated by some of the
new features (and seeming inconsistencies) as compared with
earlier versions of Windows.
+ You know you should buy one of those books that came out on
August 24 along with Windows 95 but you donAt have any more shelf
space.  Besides, you donAt want an 850 page tome (even Windows 95
for Dummies is over 500 pages!).
+ You are willing to try some things to see if they work u and if
not, try some others. [While you may not call yourself this, you
have become a computer hacker (in the best sense of the word, of
course).]
+ You have the ability to purchase this book, download it from an
online service (the Microsoft Network, of course), or read over
someoneAs shoulder.
+ You want to get StartAed....

Notes about format
When you see something in bold and italic (e.g. Alt+Esc), it
represents keys on your keyboard.  The + means to press them
simultaneously (actually, press the first one and hold it when
you press the second one u but you already know that, right?).
When you see something in italics only (e.g. Explorer), it
represents something you will see on your screen u either a
command name on a menu, a name of a file or program, other
labels, or just othingso (such as the Taskbar).
When you see something in bold only (e.g. Notes), it is a title
or heading.
+ When you see something in a obulletedo paragraph (like this),
it is an instruction on how or when to do something in Windows
95.
All other text is just text.
 THINGS TO UNDERSTAND
1 What is a Windows 95 object?
An object is document, file, executable program, folder, or any
other othingo that can be created and manipulated using the
Windows 95 interface.
[LetAs not get into deep discussion of the file points of objects
u this simple statement will do for now and for your
understanding of the Windows 95 manuals.]
2 What happened to Program Manager
Program Manager has been replaced by the Windows 95 desktop
oshell.o  If you are familiar with OS/2As or the MacintoshAs
desktop, you have the idea u Windows 95 has some aspects of both.
A key element of this shell is the Taskbar with its Start menu.
When you first install Windows 95, the Taskbar (showing open
tasks and other onotificationso) will appear on the bottom of
your screen.  The Start menu is sort of like the Program Manager
window in Windows 3.1.
3 What is a shortcut?
Windows 95 also allows you to create oshortcutso to objects.
Shortcuts appear on your desktop as objects with a small arrow
symbol as part of the icon.  Since they are objects, shortcuts
can be manipulated independently of the object to which they
refer.  That is, they can be moved, copied (to create another
shortcut), renamed, and deleted without affecting the object to
which they refer.  They can also have different opropertieso than
the original file, such as a different name (with or without
secondary name), opening minimized or maximized, etc.

Shortcuts are very useful for navigating your Windows 95 desktop
and file hierarchy.  This picture shows the icon for a shortcut
to Excel 5.0.  It is constructed automatically by Windows 95 from
the icon for Excel by adding the arrow you see in the middle
left.
Note that shortcuts are actually stored in files with secondary
name o.lnk.o  The fact that short cuts are in separate files is
the reason they have their own properties.  These files can be
copied to other directories, to media such as diskettes or
network drives.  However, they will only be meaningful on a
computer running Windows 95  (i.e. they will not work if you copy
them to Windows NT or Windows 3.1 systems).
4 What happened to File Manager?
The handy-dandy File Manager of Windows 3.1 has been replaced by
several Windows 95 mechanisms.  They do many things better, some
things worse, and some things not at all.
+ You should explore Explorer (most like File Manager), My
Computer (like OS/2As disk icons), and Network Neighborhood (an
expanded version of My Computer if you are attached to a local or
wide-area network) and become familiar with their functions.  You
will use them a lot.
5 What is a Windows 95 desktop object?
A desktop object is an object that appears on your Windows 95
desktop.  Whether it is a document, a file, an executable
program, a folder, or any other othingo (for example,
oshortcutso) it is a desktop object.
The Windows 95 user interface is an oobject oriented user
interface:o  the things you see on the desktop are each members
of a class of object, e.g. files, executable, folder, etc.  Each
class has certain functions associated with it (which you see by
clicking your right mouse button while pointing to the object).
You can move objects onto other objects where that action makes
sense.  It is a major step up from the simple graphic user
interface of Windows 3.1.
+ Desktop objects appear as files in the file directory hierarchy
in the Windows\Desktop directory.  If you browse your directory
hierarchy (using Explorer, for example), you will see them all
there.
Note that if you move something to the desktop, Windows 95 moves
it in the file hierarchy to this directory.  If you donAt want
this to happen, but still want to reference something from the
desktop, create a shortcut to it and put the shortcut on the
desktop.
6 What is the tilde (~) doing in some of my file names?
Some programs do not understand Windows 95 long file names (like
all programs not explicitly designed to run with Windows 95!) so
Windows 95 also keeps a standard 8.3 style name available.  It
forms this name using a tilde (~) if necessary to squeeze the
first name down to eight characters.
+ Use the name with the tilde if your program only works with 8.3
names (although it can be used with any program).
+ Use the full name if your program is new or modified for
Windows 95.
7 What is that X is in the right upper corner of each window
ItAs an alternate way of closing the Window. YouAll get used to
it u I did.
+ Single click the X with your left mouse button to close the
window.
8 What about win.ini, system.ini, and all the other .inis?
For the most part, in 1996, at least, you will still see a lot of
o.inio files in your Windows directory (if you care to look).  In
the case of win.ini and system.ini, a lot of what used to be
there wonAt be (or wonAt be used) because Windows 95 has created
something new to eventually replace all the .ini files.  This is
called the System Registry and it is where all that
initialization information and a lot of others things are
mysteriously hidden.  What this means, of course, is that if the
Registry gets corrupted, most of your system stops working.
Smart, eh?
The Registry is stored in two files named system.dat and user.dat
(a third file, policy.dat may appear if your LAN Administrator
has set it up).  I wouldnAt recommend trying to delete them.
+ You should add the Registry files to your regular obackupo list
(or use the Registry Backup program).
Note:  If you want to try something dangerous, use the Registry
Editor (found in your Windows directory) to peruse the RegistryAs
contents.  DonAt change anything or youAll probably wish you
hadnAt.
9 What is the Microsoft Natural Keyboard?
The Natural Keyboard is an oergonomically correcto keyboard (i.e.
it separates left half keys from right and slopes at some
interesting angles) that provides two extra keys that perform
certain functions recognized by Windows 95.  The primary key is
the owino key ().  You do not need this keyboard to use Windows
95.
 THINGS TO TRY
10 Try using your right mouse button ...
+ Move the cursor over various items on the screen, e.g. windows,
text areas, borders, etc.  Try clicking the right mouse button.
See what happens.
11 Try moving your cursor ...
+ Move your the cursor over different objects on the screen, e.g.
icons, the Taskbar, the clock.  Wait one second.  See what
happens (sometimes something does;  sometimes it doesnAt).
12 Try clicking your mouse buttons on icons in the notification
area of the Taskbar...
Icons represent running programs.  Different functions are
provided for right button click, single left button click, and
double left button click.
+ Try both right and left mouse clicks on each of the icons in
the Notification Area to see what happens.
13 Try clicking on the ? when it appears in the Title Bar ...
+ Click on the ? and then move your cursor (called a Context Help
cursor) to some object in the window and click your left mouse
button again.
14 Try creating long file names ...
The following are all valid in Windows 95:
12345678.ABC (standard o8.3o DOS name)
12345678.ABCDEF (no more 3 character limit on extensions)
123456789012345678901234567890123456789.ABC (long file names)
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890.ABCDEF (long file names
and long extensions)
Spaces and some special characters are valid in names too.
15 Try dragging the Taskbar ...
You can move it to any side of your screen (or even hide it u see
INTERMEDIATE below) or make it bigger.
+ oGrabo the Taskbar (left button and hold) and move the cursor
to the different sides of the screen.
+ Grab an edge and resize the Taskbar.
16 Try to see how many mini icons you can get in the
onotification areao of the Taskbar ...
Applications specifically written for Windows95 may put icons in
a special area of the Taskbar to serve as a special onotification
areao for those applications.  Depending on the program, these
icons will perform some function when you move the cursor over
them, select them with left button or right button, or
double-click.  IAve gotten 10 there at once and more are showing
up all the time.  Here is an example of what it looked like:

[Keyboard language, plugged-in portable, modem, speaker, resource
meter, phases of moon (program downloaded from MSN), dial-in
network transmission, on-line to MSN, FAX availability, new mail
waiting u followed by the clock.]
17 Try the Microsoft Natural Keyboard...
....or some other ergonomic keyboard.  If you spend hours at your
PC as I do, you will come to appreciate the different shapes,
angles, and supports.  While only the Microsoft keyboard has the
two special keys for use with Windows 95, these are its primary
advantage.  You may need to try several different types to find
one you like;  we have tried six in the AMS Center for Advanced
Technologies and some people like one, some another.
 BASICS
18 Get StartAed
Everything starts at Start.
+ Left click on Start to see your menu (equivalent to Program
Manager but better).
+ Pressing the  key (on Microsoft Natural Keyboard) brings up the
Start menu.  Ctrl+Esc works on all keyboards.
19 Run an application
+ Double click on the icon to run a program just like in Windows
3.1.
+   You can also select Run from the Start menu (or use the
shortcut +R from your Microsoft Natural Keyboard) and type in a
path name.
20 View a list of your files and directories
The Explorer Program has replaced the File Manager.
+ Open Explorer from your Start menu to see a list of directories
and files.  Click on the + sign in the left pane to expand that
part of the directory tree.
+ You can open multiple copies of Explorer at the same time to
work between two different directories.
Here is what Explorer looks like:

21 Open an existing file via its associated application
This function works the same way as in Windows 3.1 and WFW.
+ Open an application and use its File Open dialog.
+ Double click on the file name in Explorer.
22 Close an application
+ Do it in the usual manner (File Close, or double click the
small icon in the upper left corner of the window title bar).
+ Do it the new way by single clicking your left mouse button on
the X in the window title bar.
23 Find a file
The file directory search capability that used to be part of File
Manager is now a separate function.
+ Access Find from Start, or left click on the word Start on the
Taskbar and select Find.
24 See a file list using My Computer or Network Neighborhood
These are alternatives to Explorer, starting at different points
in the search hierarchy.  Explorer starts at Desktop and
encompasses both My Computer and Network Neighborhood.
Note:  from here on out, the text will usually not specify
Explorer, My Computer, and Network Neighborhood although all
three function in similar ways.  Most things that you can do in
Explorer, you can do in the others.  All things you can do in the
others, you can do in Explorer.
25 Stop getting new windows every time you move down a directory
level (or vice versa) in My Computer or Network Neighborhood
+ Go to the View menu and select Options.  Click the option
oBrowse folders using a single window that changes as you open
each folder.o
26 See the next higher directory level in My Computer or Network
Neighborhood
+ Hit the backspace key or the up-arrow icon in the command area.
27 Open a batch file to see its contents
+ Right click on the icon or on the file name or icon in Explorer
and select Edit.
28 Copy a file
ItAs so easy, it will fool you:
+ Highlight the name of the file you want to copy, either in
Explorer or in an open directory shortcut.
+ Go to the Edit menu and Copy and then Paste (or use Ctrl+C and
Ctrl+V).
Why not? Copy and paste should work for files and Windows 95 did
it!
+ Another method is to use the left mouse button to drag objects
from one directory to another.  This will result in a copy IF
THEY ARE ON DIFFERENT DRIVES. [Look for the + (plus sign) in the
icon indicating a copy.]
+ Use Ctrl+LeftArrow to force a copy while dragging if the files
are on the same drive.
29 Move a file
+ Using the left mouse button to drag objects (EXCEPT
EXECUTABLES) from one directory to another ON THE SAME DRIVE
results in a move. [Look for the icon WITH NO EXTRA SYMBOL
indicating a move.]
+ Use Shift+LeftArrow to force a move while dragging.
+ Click and drag the file icon with the right button.  When you
release, you will get a mini-menu which allows you to select
move, copy, or create a short cut.
30 Undo a file move or file rename
+ If you forget where you just moved a file to, or if you
accidentally rename a file, select Undo from the Edit menu (or
press Alt+Backspace).
+ If you want to stop in the middle of such an operation, hit the
Esc key.
31 Rename a file
+ Select the object by pressing the left mouse button.  Position
the cursor over the name of the object and press the left button
again.  Wait one second and you will have an edit window on the
name.
+ Alternatively, go to the File menu and select Rename.
32 Discard and/or delete a file
For files on your harddrive, hitting the Delete key doesnAt
delete but moves objects to the Recycle Bin.  You can also
discard something by moving it to the Recycle Bin.  Like every
other ocontainer,o  the Recycle Bin is a directory that you will
see in Explorer.
+ Select the object with your mouse and drag it over the icon for
the Recycle Bin.  Release the mouse button.
+ To really delete from your harddrive, either oemptyo your
Recycle Bin or hit Shift+Delete and answer the not-so-stupid
question oYes.o  [In Windows 3.1, you could turn these question
off via an option in the File Manager.  In Windows 95, you can
turn off some questions but not all.]
Note that Delete really deletes from your floppy, so be careful
in answering the question.  [Shift+Delete will also work.]
33 Get rid of those messages asking whether you really want to
discard/delete
In Windows 3.1, this was an option in File Manager.  In Windows
95, it is an option in the Recycle BinAs properties.
+ Select the Recycle Bin on your desktop, in Explorer, or
anywhere you see it.  Click the right mouse button and select
Properties, then the Global tab.  Unclick the item oDisplay
delete confirmation dialog.o
34 Create a oshortcuto to an application or file
+ Use the right mouse button to drag an object from one directory
to another, then select oCreate Shortcut (s) Hereo' to create a
shortcut to that object.
+ Alternatively, hold down Ctrl and drag the icon (hold down left
mouse button) to your desktop.  A new shortcut will be created
there.
You will know that a shortcut is being created by the shortcut
arrow in the shadow icon in the new location before you release
your mouse button.  If you donAt see this, you are either moving
the file (no special character in the icon) or creating a copy (a
plus sign in the icon).
35 Create shortcuts for executables
+ Use the left mouse button to drag an executable file to a new
directory.  It wonAt actually move the file but will create a
shortcut instead.  [Look for the arrow in the icon indicating a
short cut being created.]
+ Use the right mouse button to drag the executable and follow
the instructions.
+ Another way of doing this is to use your right mouse button to
click the desktop, click New, and then click Shortcut. Type the
correct command along with any special parameters, or browse to
find the application you want the shortcut to. Click Next, and
you will be prompted for a shortcut name. Enter a name, and then
click Finish.
36 Put files on your odesktopo (a la OS/2)
For the most part, donAt move files to your desktop u create
shortcuts there instead.  Whether you want to move it or create a
shortcut, the instructions above will work for operations to the
desktop as well as to anywhere else.
Remember that omovingo a file to your desktop actually moves it
in the file hierarchy, sometimes with unintended results (like
programs not being able to find needed files).
37 Rename items on your desktop
+ Select the object by clicking once on it.  Position the cursor
over the name and click once more.  [Be careful not to do the two
clicks too rapidly or Windows 95 will interpret this as a double
click and open the application or document.]  Edit as usual.  Hit
Enter to make it permanent.  Hit Esc to cancel.
38 Arrange and line-up your icons
+ Right click when you are on the background of the desktop.
Select what you want to do.
39 Create a new ofoldero for your files and applications
+ Select New in Explorer and move your cursor to the right.  One
of the choices will be Folder.
40 Kill an application that isnAt responding
+ Hit Ctrl+Alt+Delete (once only!) to get you a list of all
active programs.  Select the one you want to okillo (it will
usually say oNOT RESPONDINGo next to its name on the list) and
select End Task.
Sometimes you will have to wait ten seconds for another dialog
box saying that the program isnAt responding and asking you if
you really want to kill it.  You decide.
41 Turn off the loud speaker
You should see a loud speaker icon in the notification area of
your Taskbar.  If you donAt, you can put one there (listed in an
item in the Intermediate section of this book).
+ Double click on the volume control icon (speaker).  Select the
Mute option.
42 Set up to print to a file
At least one printer is typically set up when you install Windows
95.  You can install others by going to Start Settings Printers
Add Printer.  Once you have printers set up, you can check their
status by going to Start Settings Printers and selecting the one
you are interested in.
43 Put a clock on your screen
+ Click on Start (or hit the  key on your Microsoft keyboard or
hit Ctrl+Esc) to get Start.  Go to Settings, Taskbar.  Click on
oClock on screen.o
+ Double click the left mouse button on the clock to change its
settings.
If you want a Windows 3.1-style clock (separate window, choice of
analog or digital), you have to download a separate program from
one of the on-line services.
44 Use your keyboard instead of a mouse...
+ To select all files in a folder, press Ctrl+A
+ Press F5 to update the contents list of any list screen.
See the Appendix for many more keyboard actions.
45 Find out the version of Windows 95 you are using
+ Run winver from your Windows directory by double clicking it
from Explorer or typing its path when you select Start Run.
 COMMUNICATIONS AND REMOTE OPERATION
46 Install a modem
In most cases, Windows 95 will detect and install your modem
automagically.  If not...
+ Go to Settings Control Panel Add New Hardware.  When asked if
you want Windows 95 to search for new hardware, check No.  Then
follow instructions to get to the specific brand and type of
modem that you have.
To check what was installed, Control Panel Modems Diagnostics
will give you a lot of information to help debug any problems.
47 Dial up an on-line service
Most software to gain access to on-line services (such as America
Online, Compuserve, Wall Street Journal, ATT Interchange, etc.)
comes with its own modem communications modules.  Follow
instructions with that software to gain access to the service.
Presumably, most of these services will come out with versions
specifically for Windows 95 that will use Windows 95 built-in
functions for tracking your modem protocol and status.  For now,
you will have to select your modem type and other options for
each individual service.
48 Dial up a bulletin board system
Windows 95 include Hyperterminal developed by Hilgreave,
developers of HyperAccess.
+ From Start, select Programs Accessories Hyperterminal (which is
a folder).  In the Hyperterminal folder, you will see the
Hyperterminal program and several Hyperterminal configuration
files (second name ohto).  If you see the configuration you are
looking for, select (double click) it.  If not, select the
Hyperterminal program and follow instructions for creating a new
configuration file.
49 Dial up another computer and share files
If you installed the Dial-in Networking drivers during Windows 95
installation, using them is fairly simple.  If you did, you will
see the Dial-up Adapter listed under Start Setting Control Panel
Networks as well as a Dial Up Networking folder in Explorer or My
Computer.
+ Open the Dial Up Networking folder and select oMake New
Connection.o  Follow the instructions.
50 Send a fax using Microsoft Exchange
If you have installed Microsoft Fax (that comes with Windows 95),
it will be selectable as a printer.
+ From any word processor, spreadsheet, or other Windows program,
select File Print (sometimes you have to select Print Setup) and
select the appropriate option to change your printer.  Select
Microsoft Fax and follow the instructions.
+ Alternatively, open the Inbox of Microsoft Exchange (icon on
your desktop).  Select Send and then Deliver Using Microsoft Fax.
51 Receive a fax using Microsoft Exchange
+ Open the Microsoft Exchange program by clicking on the Inbox on
your desktop.  When your telephone rings, double click on the Fax
machine icon in the notification area of your Taskbar and select
Answer Now.
52 Modify the fax cover page
You need to get to Microsoft Fax Properties and select the User
tab.
+ Select the Inbox from your desktop and go to the Tools menu.
Select Microsoft Fax Tools Options.
53 Install fax software if you didnAt do it when installing
Windows 95
+ From Start, select Settings Control Panel Add/Remove Programs.
Click the Windows Setup tab.
+ In the Accessories box, scroll to MS Fax, and make sure it is
checked. If you have not selected MS Exchange, you will see a
prompt to select it also.
 THE MICROSOFT NETWORK
54 Join the Microsoft Network
+ Select the Microsoft Network icon on your desktop.  Follow
instructions for joining and connecting.
55 Receive mail over MSN
Have your correspondents address you as oYourMSNName@MSNo and you
will receive mail.  You must have installed and joined Microsoft
Network and Microsoft Exchange for this to work.
56 Send mail over MSN
+ Select Compose New Message and then (after you have composed
it!), Send.  Remember to select Tools Deliver Now Using the
Microsoft Network for mail you composed off-line.
+ Check your Outbox to make sure mail has been sent.
57 Join in discussion groups on MSN
+ Double click on any discussion folder.  When viewing a message,
select the command for sending a new message from the Compose
menu or its icon.
58 Download files from MSN
As you might expect, there are multiple methods of downloading
files:
+ Double-click the file name or file icon in a bulletin board
message.
+ Click Save As on the File menu. Select the Attachments option
button. Select the attachment you want to download. Click OK.
+ Click the file. On the Edit menu, point to File Object and then
click Download.
+ Click the file. On the Edit menu, point to File Object and then
click Properties. The Properties tab contains information about
the file. Click Download File.
+ Click the file. On the Edit menu, point to File Object and then
click Open. This will download the file and open it.
+ You can also use the right mouse button to click the file and
use the pop-up menu.
Your downloaded files will show up in the Transferred Files
folder under Microsoft Network under Programs. You can change
this default by following these steps:
+ In the BBS window, on the Tools menu, click File Transfer
Status.
+ In the File Transfer Status window, on the Tools menu, click
Options.
+ In the Default Download Destination box, type the path to the
folder where you want to store files that you copy from the
bulletin board.
59 Find something on MSN
+ To find a file, a mail message, computer, or a file on The
Microsoft Network, use the Find command on the Start menu. In
addition, you can save a search using the menu File Save Search.
Find will often not find what you are looking for.  As of this
writing, it cannot search with text or titles of bulletin board
messages, for example.
60 Store a pointer to something as a ofavorite placeo
+ Select the menu command or icon for oAdd to Favorite Places.o
This will add the item to a folder stored on the MSN with your
favorite places.
The name associated with each item will be the name it is known
by on the MSN.  This name cannot be changed.  However, you can
create a shortcut to a favorite place (by dragging the item onto
your desktop) which can then be renamed.
61 Create a shortcut to something on the MSN
+ Drag the object onto your desktop.  From there, you can drag it
to any folder, rename it (often desirable to help you understand
what it really points to), make a copy of the shortcut, or just
leave it there.
You may find it useful to create a folder on your desktop (or
elsewhere) to store your shortcuts.  If you are using MSNAs
Internet Explorer, it will create a folder in your Windows
directory called oFavoriteso where it will store shortcuts to
your favorite Internet sites.  You can use this folder as a
convenient place to store your shortcuts to other MSN (or even
other on-line services) information.

62 Get access to the Internet from the MSN
There are actually two types of services that MSN provides:
oregularo service, or oInternet and regular.o  At the current
time, you have to dial a different phone number to get the full
Internet and regular service.
+ Select oInternet and Microsoft Networko as the service from
your Settings menu.
Once you have dialed in to the correct service, you have full
Internet access (this is a PPP connection).  You can use
MicrosoftAs Internet Explorer, Netscape, or any other World Wide
Web or Internet tools you have available (Telnet is included
along with several others in your Windows directory).
63 Read Internet discussion group postings off-line
You canAt in the current version of MSN.
+ Use America Online if you want this capability.
64 Disconnect from the MSN
+ Either close all windows related to MSN or double click on the
mini-icon at the right side of the Taskbar.  You will be asked if
you want to disconnect.
65 Get the latest phone numbers for MSN
MSN uses SprintNet as well as its own network.  To get the latest
phone numbers:
+ Select Tools on the main menu when connected to MSN.
+ Select Connection Settings.
+ Click on Change and the latest phone numbers will be downloaded
automatically.  [You can select a new one or not, online or
off-line.]
 INTERMEDIATE
66 Install some more Windows 95 features and applications
+ Go to Control Panel (via the Start menu) and select System.
Select Windows Setup.  Check the features you want to add (you
may have to press details to see some of them).  Follow
instructions about inserting CD, or giving location on network or
harddrive for Windows 95 installation files.
67 Hide the Taskbar
+ Use the right mouse button to click Start, and then click
Properties.  Click the Taskbar Options tab.  If you have the
oAlways on Topo box checked, uncheck it.  The Taskbar will be
hidden by any window that covers its area.
Additionally, you can click the Auto Hide selection box.  The
Taskbar will be hidden as soon as you are done with it.  If you
do not have a full screen window being displayed, the Taskbar
will reappear when you move your mouse near the area where it is
supposed to be.
68 Get to the Start menu once you have gotten rid of the Taskbar
+ You can bring up the Taskbar by hitting  key on your Microsoft
Natural Keyboard.
+ You can also bring up the Taskbar by hitting Ctrl+Esc on any
keyboard.
69 Change items on your Start menu
+ To modify, delete, or add items to the Start menu, click the
right mouse button on the Start menu button, and then select Open
or Explore to view and modify its contents.
The Start menu is actually stored in a subdirectory of your
Windows directory.  You will see it (and can modify it) directly
from Explorer.
70 Quick way to add items to your Start menu
+ Click and drag any object from the desktop and drop it on the
Start button to add it to the Start Menu.
71 Start up in DOS rather than Windows
When Windows 95 first starts up, you will see a text message
oWindows 95 starting...o on the top line of the screen.
+ Press F8 when you see this message and you will be presented
with a menu of start-up choices.  Select DOS.
Once you have completed your tasks, you can type the command
oWino and Windows 95 will start.
72 Set up a file to always open with a certain application
(Associate)
+ In Explorer, pull down the View menu and select Options.  Click
on the File Type tab.  Select New or find an existing one and
Edit.
73 Set up ozippedo files to automatically ounzipo
+ See the previous entry on setting up an associated file type
and associate the program for ounzippingo (usually Pkunzip) with
the file type oZIP.o
74 Change the icon for a shortcut to a folder
+ Position your mouse over the icon for the shortcut whose icon
you wish to change.  Click your right mouse button and select
Properties.  Select the Shortcut tab and the Change Icon button.
Follow the instructions.
75 Change the icon for a particular folder
You canAt.
76 See how much osystem resourceo you are using
+ Start the program Resource Meter found under Programs
Accessories System Tools from your Start menu.
Green is good, yellow is OK, red means you will start running out
of things (obvious).
77 Get more disk space for free (Disk Compression)
Not quite, but good enough:  automagically compresses and
decompresses files so that it looks like you have more available
disk space (another one of those functions that you donAt need to
install separate software for).
+ Go to Programs Accessories System Tools from your Start menu
and select DriveSpace (disk compression; used to be double space
in Windows 3.1).
Note:  creating or deleting zipped files (files made with Pkzip
or other archive programs) seems to change your available disk
space by more than the listed size of the file.  Since these
files are already compressed, Windows 95 disk compression doesnAt
really do anything to them but the algorithm for calculating
available space doesnAt quite know that.
78 Get faster performance for free (Disk Defragmentation)
Just as in every other operating environment, Windows 95 will run
faster if the contents of files on your disk are more or less in
contiguous locations on the disk.
+ Run Disk Defragmenter from Programs Accessories System Tools.
79 Change properties of the desktop display
+ From any point on your desktop not covered by an application
window, click your right mouse button and select Properties from
the pop-up menu.
The Display Properties window allows you to adjust the color
scheme, fonts, font and window sizes, screen saver, monitor
resolution (see below for more information on this one), and
monitor type for your computer.
+ For global font changes: change the icon font on the Appearance
page of the Display Properties window.
80 Switch to a higher (or lower) resolution display
+ As above, go to Display Properties by clicking your right mouse
button with the cursor pointing to your desktop.  Select the
Settings tab and adjust the resolution using the Desktop Area
slider.
Since changing your screen resolution could result in your not
seeing anything, Windows 95 handles the change in a very clever
way:  if you donAt respond to a dialog box question in 15
seconds, it will switch back to your original resolution.  Makes
it a lot saver to try different resolutions.
81 See file name extensions on icon names or in Explorer
+ From Explorer, select Options from the View menu.  Deselect the
oHide MS DOS file extensionso option.
82 Determine the attributes of a file (hidden, read-only,
archive)
+ Check its Properties:  right click on its icon;  select the
Properties icon from Explorer;  select Properties from the File
menu in Explorer.
83 See ohiddeno and osystem fileso listed in Explorer
+ In Explorer, select the View menu, and then click Options.
Click the View tab, make sure Show All Files is selected.  Click
OK.
84 Change a files attributes
+ While viewing the Properties for a file, select (or deselect)
the read-only, hidden, and/or archive attributes.
85 Use directory oshortcutso at DOS command prompt o
Related directories have the following shortcuts:
.. = current directory  (not new)
... = parent directory  (not new)
.... = parent directory once removed (new)
..... = parent directory twice removed (new)
For example, if you in the C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\VIEWERS directory
and enter
cd... at the command prompt, the current directory changes to
C:\.
86 oDrag & Pusho onto a Taskbar button
You can drag objects from one open document to another open
document (one covering the other) by dragging the object to the
target's Taskbar button, waiting a second while the target window
is displayed, and then dragging the object onto the target
window.
87 Create a omaster volume controlo icon on the Taskbar
You can put a volume control icon in the Notification Area of the
Taskbar.
+ Select Start Settings Control Panel and double-click the
Multimedia icon.
+ Click the Audio tab, and then select the option oShow Volume
Control on Taskbar.o
+ Click the volume (speaker) icon on the Taskbar to open the
master volume control. Double-click the volume (speaker) icon to
open the more detailed view from the Volume Control program.
88 Open a file with other than the oassociatedo program
Windows 95 makes it fairly easy to open a file with program B
that is normally opened with program A (i.e. with other than its
normal association).  This is particularly useful for viewing
batch files, configuration files and the like.
+ Right click the file icon. Click Open With on the menu to open
the file with a different program.
89 Switch between a window and a full screen DOS session
+ Press Alt+Enter.
 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS
90 Get access to a network drive (if you are connected to a
network)
Easy as pie:
+ Open Explorer and there it is!
If it isnAt, you arenAt oconnected.o  You can check this by
checking your System properties (go to Settings on the Start
menu; then Control Panel; then System).  Check Devices and see if
you have Network drivers present.  If you see an X through the
driver or a yellow !, it isnAt in use.  Check with your Network
Administrator.
+ Alternative: open My Computer to see network drives in your
domain.   Open Network Neighborhood to see all drives accessible
to you.
91 Get access to a network printer (if you are connected to a
network)
Go to Start Setting Printers and select Add Printer.  Select
Network when asked.
92 Creating a shortcut to a network resource
Browse Network Neighborhood until you find the network resource
you want (drive, printer, CD-ROM, etc.).
Use the same procedure as for creating a shortcut to an item that
is on your local drive:
+ Use the right mouse button to click the resource, and then drag
the icon for that resource where you want it.  Select Create
Shortcut(s) Here from the mini-menu.
 ADVANCED
93 View your computerAs properties
+ Use the right mouse button to click My Computer and then click
Properties. If you have a Microsoft Natural Keyboard, press
+Break.
+ To view Network properties, use the right mouse button to click
Network Neighborhood, and then click Properties.
94 Create shortcuts to a particular place in an OLE document
+ Right drag a selection from an OLE document (for example, Word
for Windows 95) onto the Desktop or folder, and then select
Create Document Shortcut Here."
Opening this document shortcut later will open the original
document at the place in the document that the shortcut
originated.
95 Create a shortcut to a document scrap
+ Use the left mouse button to drag a selection from an OLE
document (for example, Word 95) onto the Desktop or folder to
create a scrap (a scrap is an OLE object that contains the
selection). Drop the scrap onto another document or back onto the
original document to insert or render it (whichever is most
appropriate).
96 Change the standard icon for ofoldero
+ From a folder's View menu, select Options.  Select File Types
and then scroll down the list to the Folder item. Click Edit
Change.  Select a new icon.
97 Create a new osend too link
SendTo is really a directory of places that you often send things
to.  This is useful for creating an archive directory (perhaps on
the network) to put older files in.
+ Put a shortcut in the SendTo folder in the Windows directory
and it will automatically appear every time you click the right
mouse button and select the SendTo option.
98 Open Explorer with oswitcheso
The Explorer program can be opened with various switches to
control where it begins its display.  Create a shortcut with
switches on the command line to have customized ways of starting
up Explorer.
Command line:  Explorer [/e][,/root,<object>][[,/select],<sub
object>]
/e:  Use Explorer view (scope and results pane view). The default
is Open view (results pane view only).
/root<object>:  Specify the object in the "normal" name space
that is used as the root (top level) of this Explorer/Folder. The
default is the Desktop.
/select:  The parent folder opens and the specified object is
selected.
<sub object>:  Specify the folder unless /select is used. The
default is the root.
Examples:
Explorer /e, /root, \\projects
opens an Explorer window at \\projects.
Explorer /select, c:\windows\win.ini
opens a folder at c:\windows (or activates one that is currently
open) and selects win.ini.
Explorer /e, /root,\\projects\Archive
opens a folder to the Archive folder. This is a good way to
create a dedicated, remote, documents' archive directory. A link
to this folder (\\projects\David\Archive) can then be placed in
the SendTo folder for quick routing of documents.
99 Put contents of Control Panel, Dial Up Networking, or Printer
folders in other folders
You can put the contents of Control Panel or other special
folders in any folder including your Start menu.  Paste in the
appropriate name below:
For  Use This Name
Control Panel  Control
Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}
Dial Up Network     Dial Up
Net.{992CFFA0-F557-101A-88EC-00DD010CCC48}
Printers  Printers.{2227A280-3AEA-1069-A2DE-08002B30309D}

[DonAt ask me where these names came from;  I just got this
information from a file on the Microsoft Network.]
100 Create a shortcut to a DOS program and get prompted for
parameters
+ Create a shortcut using the File New Shortcut command from
Explorer.
+ Type in the name of the DOS program file but add a "?" to the
command line.  You will be prompted for a parameter string when
you start the program.
101 Move your Windows swap file to another drive
In particular, after you create a compressed drive, there may be
15-20 Mb available on the uncompressed drive.  You can move your
swap file (Win386.swp) there and oreclaimo this space for
something useful.
+ Go to Start Settings Control Panel System and select the
Performance tab.  Click on Virtual Memory and check the box that
says you want to specify it yourself.  Put in the drive location.
This is a little dangerous (but you are reading the Advanced
section).  Make sure you have plenty of room on the drive you put
your swap file on.  Windows 95 can make some big ones even if you
have 24 Mb of memory (as I do on my computer).
102 Create a hardware profile
Hardware Profiles are used to set up multiple hardware
configurations. This is especially useful for laptops that have
docking stations.
+ Use the right mouse button to click the My Computer icon.
Click Properties, and then click the Hardware Profiles tab.
At this point, you can rename a profile or create a new one by
copying from an existing one.
+ Select the profile closest to the new one you want to create
and Copy it.
At this point, you have to switch to the Device Manager tab.
+ Select any device and select Properties.  Scroll down to the
profiles you want this device to be inactivated for and click to
deselect.
Mucking around with your Device Managers is like changing
system.ini in Windows 3.1.  You better know what you are doing
and do it carefully.
 KEYBOARD COMMANDS
IAm kind of partial to keyboard commands.  Once upon a time, the
mouse was an alternative to the keyboard.  Now it is the other
way around.  For the most part, I find the keyboard to be faster
in many situations.  Perhaps you will too.  [Note that some of
these commands also involve a mouse click or two:  sometimes you
just canAt get away from the rodent.]
A Operations on a selected object in a folder
F2   Rename
Ctrl+X,C,V     Cut, Copy, Paste
Shift+Delete   Delete immediately without putting into Recycle
Bin
Alt+Enter Properties
Ctrl+right click    Put alternative verbs on the context menu
Ctrl+drag a file to a folder  Copy a file
Ctrl+Shift+drag a file to the desktop or a folder Create a
shortcut
B Commands in Explorer
F4   Displays the directory list combo box
F5   Refresh the view
F6   Switches between panes
Ctrl+G    Goto
Ctrl+Z    Undo
Ctrl+A    Select all
Backspace Goes to the parent folder
Shift+Click Close Button Closes this folder and all its parent
folders
C Commands in the Explorer tree pane
Right arrow    Expands current selection if it's not expanded,
otherwise goes to the first child
Left arrow     Collapses current selection if it's expanded,
otherwise goes to the parent
Numeric Keypad * (asterisk)   Expands everything under the
current selection.
Numeric Keypad + (plus sign)  Expands the current selection.
Numeric Keypad - (minus sign) Collapses the current selection.
D Commands in the Open/Save common dialog
F4   Drop down the location list
F5   Refresh the view
Backspace Go to parent if focus is on view window

E General keyboard-only commands
F1   Help
F10  Goes to menu mode
Shift+F10 Context menu for selected item
Ctrl+Esc  Brings up Start menu
Shift+F10 Context menu
Alt+Tab   Switch to the next application in order
Shift while inserting CD Bypasses auto-run program
Alt+M when focus is on Taskbar     Minimizes all windows
F Microsoft Natural Keyboard commands
+R   Run dialog
+M   Minimize All
Shift++M  Undo Minimize All
+F1  Windows Help
+E   Explorer
+F   Find Files or Folders
Ctrl++F   Find Computer
+Tab Cycle through Taskbar buttons
+Break    PSS Hotkey (System Properties dialog)
G Mouse click/keyboard combinations for desktop objects
Ctrl+RIGHT CLICK    Displays a context menu containing
alternative verbs.
Shift+DOUBLE-CLICK  Runs the alternate default command (the
second item on the menu).
Alt+DOUBLE-CLICK    Displays properties
Shift+Delete   Deletes an item immediately without placing it in
the Recycle Bin.

 INDEX
  ?
?    See Help
A
archive files  30
attributes
change a file's     30
C
clock     16
D
desktop
arrange icons  16
icons on  15
objects   9
properties     29
rename items on     15
desktop object 6
Dial up
another computer    20
bulletin board system    19
on-line service     19
discussion
via MS Network 23
disk
compression    29
defragmentation     29
display
resolution     30
DOS
directory shortcuts 30
file names     6
start in  28
window    31
E
Explorer  6, 11, 30, 36
keyboard commands   39, 40
F
favorite place
on MS Network  24
fax
modify cover page   20
receive   20
send 20
software  21
file
attributes     30
batch file
open contents  13
close     12
copy 13
delete    14
discard   14
download from MS Network 23
extensions     30
find 12
move 13, 14
names, long    9
open 12
open with another application 31
open with application    28
print     16
rename    14
system    30
zipped    28
File Manager   6, 11
Find
file 12
on MS Network  24
folders   16, 28, 35
special   36
H
hardware profile    37
Help 9
hidden files   30
I
Internet
via MS Network 25
K
keyboard
commands  39, 40
kill (a non-responding application)     16
M
mail
over MS Network     23
Microsoft Natural Keyboard    7, 10, 17
keyboard commands   41
Microsoft Network
discussion via 23
download file from  23
favorite place 24
find on   24
Internet via   25
mail 23
phone numbers for   25
shortcuts on   25
modem     19
mouse button (right)     9
My Computer    6, 12, 13
N
Network Neighborhood     6, 12, 13
networks
drives    33
printers  33
shortcuts 33
notification area   9, 10. See Taskbar
clock     16
O
object    5
desktop   6
objects
keyboard commands   39
P
phone numbers
for MS Network 25
Program Manager     5, 11
properties
computer  35
desktop   29
R
read only files     30
Run  11
S
send to   36
shortcuts 5, 15, 28
document scrap 35
DOS programs   37
on MS Network  25
place in OLE document    35
Start menu     5, 11, 27, 28
swap file 37
system files   30
system resource     29
T
Taskbar   9, 10, 27, 31
tilde (~) 6. See DOS Files Names
V
volume control 16, 31
W
window
close     7
X    7
Windows 95
install more features    27
version   17
X
X    See window close
Z
zipped files   28

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